MARS PERSEVERANCE ROVER
INGENULITY HELICOPTER
JEZERO CRATER
Site for Perseverance rover mission
Jezero crater, once considered a site for the Mars Science Laboratory, was later proposed as a landing site for the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover mission with the Mars Helicopter Ingenuity attached to its belly on its route to Mars.] In early 2017 it was selected to be among the top three candidate sites for the landing, along with Northeast Syrtis, 30 km to the southwest.
A primary aim of the Mars 2020 mission is to search for signs of ancient life. It is hoped that a later mission could then return samples from sites identified as probably containing remains of life. To safely bring the craft down, a 12-mile (20 km) wide, smooth, flat circular area is needed. Geologists hope to examine places where water once ponded. They would like to examine sediment layers.
PARTS OF PERSEVERANCE ROVER
MAIN PURPOSE OF ROVER
Collecting 30 samples of different rocks of different texture,shape , chemical property and size.
Research about the life forms of mars , biosphere of mars and weather of mars.
NC2 resource utilization (Will explain in MOXIE)
MOXIE
The Mars Oxygen In-Situ Resource Utilization Experiment is better known as MOXIE. NASA is preparing for human exploration of Mars, and MOXIE will demonstrate a way that future explorers might produce oxygen from the Martian atmosphere for propellant and for breathing.
Main Job
To produce oxygen from the Martian carbon-dioxide atmosphere
Location
Inside the rover (front, right side)
Mass
17.1 kilograms
Weight
37.7 pounds on Earth, 14.14 pounds on Mars
Power
300 watts
Volume
9.4 x 9.4 x 12.2 inches
(23.9 x 23.9 x 30.9 centimeters)
Oxygen Production Rate
Up to 10 grams per hour
(At least 0.022 pounds per hour)
Operation Time
Approximately one hour of oxygen (O2) production per experiment, which will be scheduled intermittently over the duration of the mission.
MASTCAM-Z
The Mastcam-Z is the name of the mast-mounted camera system that is equipped with a zoom function on the Perseverance rover. Mastcam-Z has cameras that can zoom in, focus, and take 3D pictures and video at high speed to allow detailed examination of distant objects.
Main Job
To take high-definition video, panoramic color and 3D images of the Martian surface and features in the atmosphere with a zoom lens to magnify distant targets
Location
Mounted on the rover mast at the eye level of a 6 ½-foot-tall person (2 meters tall). The cameras are separated by 9.5 inches (24.2 centimeters) to provide stereo vision.
Mass
Approximately 8.8 pounds (about 4 kilograms)
Power
Approximately 17.4 watts
Volume
Camera head, per unit:
4.3 by 4.7 by 10.2 inches
(11 by 12 by 26 centimeters)
Digital electronics assembly:
8.6 by 4.7 by 1.9 inches
(22 by 12 by 5 centimeters)
Calibration target:
3.9 by 3.9 by 2.7 inches
(10 by 10 by 7 centimeters)
Data Return
Approximately 148 megabits per sol, average
Color Quality
Similar to that of a consumer digital camera (2-megapixel)
Image Size
1600 by 1200 pixels maximum
Image Resolution
Able to resolve between about 150 microns per pixel (0.15 millimeter or 0.0059 inch) to 7.4 millimeters (0.3 inches) per pixel depending on distance
MEDA
The Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer is known as MEDA. It makes weather measurements including wind speed and direction, temperature and humidity, and also measures the amount and size of dust particles in the Martian atmosphere.
PIXL
The Planetary Instrument for X-ray Lithochemistry is called PIXL. PIXL has a tool called an X-ray spectrometer. It identifies chemical elements at a tiny scale. PIXL also has a camera that takes super close-up pictures of rock and soil textures. It can see features as small as a grain of salt! Together, this information helps scientists look for signs of past microbial life on Mars.
The Radar Imager for Mars' Subsurface Experiment, known as RIMFAX, uses radar waves to probe the ground under the rover
SHERLOC
The Scanning Habitable Environments with Raman & Luminescence for Organics & Chemicals has a nickname: SHERLOC. Mounted on the rover's robotic arm, SHERLOC uses cameras, spectrometers, and a laser to search for organics and minerals that have been altered by watery environments and may be signs of past microbial life. In addition to its black-and-white context camera, SHERLOC is assisted by WATSON, a color camera for taking close-up images of rock grains and surface textures.
SuperCam
The SuperCam on the Perseverance rover examines rocks and soils with a camera, laser and spectrometers to seek organic compounds that could be related to past life on Mars. It can identify the chemical and mineral makeup of targets as small as a pencil point from a distance of more than 20 feet (7 meters).
Cruise Stage
The cruise stage supports the whole vehicle during the seven-month cruise to Mars, keeping it powered up, in communication, and on target. It features a large solar array, to provide power to the rover during the seven-month trip. Radio antennas keep the vehicle in contact with Earth. Fuel tanks and small thrusters on the cruise stage allow it to adjust the vehicle’s course as needed during the cruise phase.
BACKSHELL
The backshell and heat shield together form the aeroshell, which protects the rover during its turbulent descent to Mars. The backshell also houses additional thrusters that fire during the guided entry portion of entry, descent and landing. Inside the top of the backshell is the canister from which the parachute is released during descent.
HEAT SHIELD
The heat shield helps slow the vehicle down during its final approach, while protecting the rover inside from the intense heat experienced during entry into the Martian atmosphere. The heat shield could be exposed to temperatures as hot as 2,370 degrees Fahrenheit (~1,300 degrees Celsius) as it descends through the Martian atmosphere.
DESCENT STAGE
The descent stage is the rover’s free-flying “jetpack,” which separates from the backshell and uses eight engines to slow the final descent. It also contains the landing radar system used to make last-minute decisions about touchdown. Just before touchdown, the descent stage lowers the rover on cables before gently placing it on the surface. Once the rover is on the ground, the descent stage flies off to make its own uncontrolled landing on the surface, a safe distance away from the rover.
INGENUITY
Ingenuity is a small robotic solar helicopter operating on Mars as part of NASA's Mars 2020 mission. On April 19, 2021, it successfully completed the first powered controlled flight by an aircraft on a planet besides Earth, taking off vertically, hovering and landing. With four successful flights as of April 30, 2021, the battery-powered coaxial drone rotorcraft is serving as a technology demonstrator for the potential use of flying probes on future missions to Mars and other worlds, and will have the potential to scout locations of interest and support the future planning of driving routes for Mars rovers
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