The dwarf planet Pluto is named for the ancient Roman god of the underworld. In Roman mythology, Pluto was the son of Saturn who, with his three brothers, controlled the world: Jupiter controlled the sky, Neptune controlled the sea, and Pluto ruled the underworld.
Pluto takes the longest time of the eight planets (248 Earth years) to orbit around the sun. Because it's the closest to the sun, Mercury has the fastest orbit, at 88 Earth days. Earth takes 365 days to orbit the sun.
Pluto is the only known dwarf planet with an atmosphere. It is very thin and would be toxic for humans to breathe. When Pluto is at its perihelion (closest to the sun), Pluto's atmosphere is gas. When Pluto is at its aphelion (farthest from the sun), its atmosphere freezes and falls like snow.
It takes Pluto 6 days, 9 hours, and 17 minutes to spin once, making it the planet with the second-slowest rotation in the solar system. Venus has the slowest rotation, taking 243 days to spin just once. Jupiter is the fastest-spinning planet, rotating on average once in just less than 10 hours.
Pluto spins in the opposite direction as Earth, which means the sun rises in the west and sets in the east. Only Venus, Uranus, and Pluto have a retrograde rotation.
Because Pluto's moon Charon is almost the size of the planet itself, astronomers sometimes refer to the two as a double planet.
It takes about five hours for sunlight to reach Pluto. It takes eight minutes to reach Earth.
In astrology, Pluto is associated with powers of creation/rebirth as well as destruction/death.
When Pluto was considered a planet, it was the coldest of all the planets. Temperatures on Pluto can range from -240 to -218 C. The average temperature on Pluto is -229 C. The hottest recorded temperature on Earth was 70.7 C (159 F) in the Lut Desert in Iran. The coldest temperature recorded on Earth was -89.2 C (-120 F) in Antarctica. The average temperature on Earth is about 14-15 C (59 F).
A person who weighs 100 lbs. on Earth would weigh the least on Pluto than on any other planet, at 6.7 lbs. on Pluto. A person would weigh the most on Jupiter. A 100 lb. person on Earth would weigh 236.4 lbs. on Jupiter.
The sky is so dark on Pluto that a person would be able to see stars during the day.
Attempting to view Pluto from Earth is like trying to see a walnut from 30 miles away.
Because Pluto's moon Charon and Pluto orbit each other, Charon appears to stand still in Pluto's sky. Additionally, the same sides of Pluto and Charon always face each other.
Pluto has four known moons: Charon (ferryman of Hades), Nix (the Greek goddess of night and darkness), Hydra (the nine-headed serpent who guards Hades) and S/2011 P 1, which was discovered in 2011.
No spacecraft has ever visited Pluto. However, the spacecraft New Horizons, which was launched in 2006, is scheduled to fly by Pluto in 2015.
In 1941, the newly created element plutonium was named after Pluto.
Before Pluto was identified in the Lowell Observatory, astronomers at other observatories unknowingly took 16 previous photographs of Pluto. The oldest was made by the Yerkes Observatory on August 20, 1909.
The Disney character Pluto, a dog, is said to have been named after the former planet.
For 76 years, Pluto was considered a planet. However, when astronomers discovered that it was just one of many large objects within the Kuiper belt, Pluto was renamed a "dwarf planet" in 2006.
Pluto's distance from Earth varies. At its closest, Pluto is 4.2 billion kilometers (2.6 billion miles) away. At its farthest, Pluto is about 7.5 billion kilometers (4.7 billion miles) from Earth. It would take about 10 years for a spaceship to reach Pluto.
Pluto is the second-largest dwarf planet in the solar system. Eris, which is 27% larger than Pluto, is the first.
Pluto is smaller than Mercury and seven other moons, including Ganymede, Titan, Callisto, Io, Europa, Triton, and Earth's moon.
When Pluto was discovered in 1930, many people wrote in suggesting names for the new planet. Some suggestions were Cronus, Persephone, Erebus, Atlas, and Prometheus. Eleven-year-old Venetia Burney suggested the name Pluto. She thought it would be a good name since Pluto is so dark and far away, like the god of the underworld. On May 1, 1930, the name Pluto became official, and the little girl received a 5 note as a reward.
Many astronomers believe Pluto would be classified as a comet if it were closer to the sun.
Officially, Pluto's name is now asteroid number 134340 after being downgraded from a planet to a dwarf planet. (Dwarf planets are one type of astronomical object catalogued as an asteroid.)
Astronomer Clyde Tombaugh-who worked in the Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona-discovered Pluto on February 18, 1930. Tombaugh was only 24 when he discovered it.
While Pluto was downgraded from a planet to a dwarf planet, or "plutoid," several astronomers argued that Pluto and other small objects similar to Pluto should all be classified as planets because they have cores, geology, seasons, moons, atmospheres, clouds, and polar caps in many cases.
For 20 years of its almost 248-year orbit, Pluto is closer to the sun than Neptune because of its off-center and highly inclined orbit. For example, from 1979 to 1999, Pluto was the eighth planet and Neptune was the ninth. Now Pluto is back to being the ninth planet (though dwarf) for the next 228 years. It will be closer to the sun again on April 5, 2231.
Pluto rotates on its side, which means is has extreme seasonal variation. At its solstices, a quarter of its surface is in permanent daylight, while another quarter is in permanent darkness.
Sunlight is almost 2,000 times dimmer on Pluto than it is on Earth, and the sun would be only a small point in the sky. The sun would be 1/30 as big and 1/900 as bright as it is on Earth, though it would still be much brighter than a full moon.
The official symbol for Pluto are the interlocking letters of P and L, which not only stand for the first two letters of the planet but also are the initials of Percival Lowell, the American astronomer who initiated the search for a planet beyond Neptune that resulted in the discovery of Pluto. The Lowell Observatory in Arizona is named after him.
On Pluto, the sun rises and sets about once a week.
Pluto's moon Charon would look about seven times bigger than Earth's moon, though it would be about the same brightness.
Some astronomers hypothesize that Pluto is just an escaped satellite of Neptune that pulled out of Neptune's atmosphere and made its own orbit. Specifically, because Triton (one of Neptune's moons) and Pluto have such similar characteristics, astronomers believe Pluto may have been a twin moon to Triton.
Pluto is approximately 4.6 billion years old, about the same age as the rest of the solar system.
0 Comments