How to understand the Universe
The author Lee Smolin has a radical idea for how to understand an object with no exterior: Imagine it built bit-by-bit from relationships between events. The universe is kind of an impossible object. It has an inside but no outside; it’s a one-sided coin. This M…
Validation of Time Dilation
The theory of relativity represents that time runs slower wherever gravity is strongest, and this is because gravity curves space-time. This phenomenon is known as time dilation. According to this, gravity's effect measures the amount of time that has elapsed b…
Stretch of the Milky Way
First we need to know about the reference frame against which we want to measure desired end of the Galaxy. Reference frame is a framework that is used for the observation and mathematical description of physical phenomena and the formulation of physical laws, usual…
Four Basic Forces
The theories of science say that the electromagnetic force in an atom has the function of binding and attracting subatomic particles with opposite charges and that this force is transmitted by photons (Plank)! Where are the photons in the atoms? Photons, accordi…
Neutrinos
Sterile Neutrinos These are hypothetical neutrinos that unlike neutrinos, which interact with only weak force and gravity, these sterile neutrinos interact with only gravity. Additionally, they would also not carry a charge, and unlike normal neutrinos which poss…
Barycentre
We say that planets orbit stars, but that’s not the whole truth. Planets and stars actually orbit around their common center of mass. This common center of mass is called the barycenter. Barycenters also help astronomers search for planets beyond our solar system! …
Why do the Gravitational Waves travel at the speed of light?
There are two fundamental classes of theories required to describe the entirety of the Universe. On the one hand, there's quantum field theory, which describes electromagnetism and the nuclear forces, and accounts for all the particles in the Universe and the qu…
First in the Chandrayaan 2 mission
1. US, Russia and China have all landed spacecraft on the moon between +/-30 degrees of the lunar equator. This is much easier as slight deviations in orbit angle do not matter. India is landing near the lunar South Pole at 79 degree south. This is much more dif…
How Eratosthenes measured the circumference of the Earth
In 240 B.C., the Greek astronomer Eratosthenes made the first measurement of the size of Earth. By performing the right calculations by observing the angular shadows of two cities in Summer Solstice, using the rules of geometry and the distance between the cities, E…
Finding life within the Solar System
It is almost for sure that the Earth is the only place within our Solar system which sustains intelligent life, more advanced or the current level of intellegence of human beings. This may be speculated due to the fact that no signs, such as signals, spacecrafts, ra…
Heliocentric Model of the Solar System
Introduction The Astronomical heliocentric model describes that the Earth and the other planets revolve around the Sun at the center of the Solar System. In ancient times, heliocentrism was opposed to geocentrism, which placed Earth at the center. The notion that…
Geocentric Model of the Solar System
Introduction The Astronomical geocentric model or geocentrism, often denited by the Ptolemaic system is a very ancient terminology of the Universe with Earth at the center. Under the geocentric model, the Sun, Moon, stars, and planets all orbit the Earth. The ge…
Electromagnetic Spectrum
Introduction The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of frequencies or it can be said as the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation and their respective wavelengths and the photon energies. It covers electromagnetic waves with frequencies ranging from below …
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